Satellite sets sail to survey saltiness of Earth's oceans
The Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-D spacecraft blasted off aboard a United Launch Alliance Delta 2 rocket at 7:20 a.m. local (10:20 a.m. EDT; 1420 GMT) from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California.The 12-story rocket escaped the ground-hugging marine layer blanketing the Central Coast, thundering southward to eventually reach a 408-mile-high sun-synchronous orbit and successfully living up to its reputation of dependability.
Built by Argentina, the SAC-D satellite is equipped with multiple scientific instruments from several countries including NASA's Aquarius sensor package designed to make exceptionally precise global measurements of salt content at the ocean surface.
"Measuring ocean surface salinity from space is NASA's latest technology achievement and it's really going to be a great leap forward for the science of oceanography," said Eric Lindstrom, Aquarius program scientist at NASA Headquarters.
"For many of you, salinity is a rather obscure quantity, but I must tell you it's of critical importance in the ocean circulation, in the climate system and in diagnosing the flow of fresh water through our Earth system."
Standing 16.4 feet tall and 9 feet wide within the Delta rocket's protective nose cone, the SAC-D spacecraft weighed 2,977 pounds at launch. The two-stage launcher reached a preliminary parking orbit about 11 minutes after liftoff, then coasted around the South Pole and soared towards Africa when the booster performed a final maneuver to inject the satellite into the desired orbit. Deployment of the payload occurred as expected 56-and-a-half minutes into flight.
NASA has spent $287 million on the Aquarius project, which includes paying for the satellite's launch. A Delta 2 rocket has never faltered in its 48 missions for the space agency over the past two decades.
The large oval antenna reflector and three microwave radiometers at the heart of Aquarius will work like highly sensitive radio receivers to detect variations in the electrical conductivity of seawater, enabling scientists to deduce the ocean salinity levels.
"Salinity is the glue that bonds two major components of Earth's complex climate system: ocean circulation and the global water cycle," said Aquarius principal investigator Gary Lagerloef of Earth & Space Research in Seattle. "Aquarius will map global variations in salinity in unprecedented detail, leading to new discoveries that will improve our ability to predict future climate.
Earth Changes Map - News
The thickness map shows a clear agreement with regional data gathered from aircraft, demonstrating that CryoSat-2 now provides us with a tool to accurately measure changes in ice thickness.” Analysis of CryoSat-2 data, by CPOM scientist Natalia Galin,
Seeking a missing ingredient to understanding Earth's environmental changes, a new satellite conceived through unique international collaborations was launched today to map the planet's salty seas from space. The Satelite de Aplicaciones
The study found that many magnetic changes on Earth are indeed strongly linked to the solar activity cycle, though not in perfect synchrony, and it can help scientists map out some causes. The speed of the solar wind — the 1-million-mph stream of
kelvin across the surface as the Moon entered Earth's shadow. The first global daytime and nighttime thermal maps of the Moon are created using Diviner data. The inset shows temperature changes during the LCROSS impact. Image: NASA/Goddard/UCLA.
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